Enoxaparin sodium, belongs to a class of medications called low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), which acts by blocking the activity of blood-clotting proteins. When administered, it markedly reduces the incidence of venous thromboembolism (blood clot forms most often in the deep veins of different parts of the body) in hospitalized patients, without increasing the risk of serious bleeding.

Enoxaparin sodium, binds and accelerates the activity of antithrombin III, a protein in the blood that blocks abnormal blood clots from forming. It also inhibits coagulation factors Xa and IIa (thrombin), therefore inhibiting fibrinogen to convert to fibrin clot. Although enoxaparin sodium acts in a similar mechanism as that of heparins, it has a longer lasting effect on disabling factor Xa. LMWHs are less able to inhibit the production of thrombin and to bind with plasma proteins due to their decreased sized. This accounts for an 85-99% bioavailability, and longer duration of action than heparin. Given the advantages of its long half-life and predictable effects, Enoxaparin sodium does not need extensive monitoring or supervision to use it.